APA Citation Style 

1. Journal Articles

APA 6th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), Page range. doi:xx.xxxxxxx

Example:
Adewale, K. O., & Peters, T. A. (2023). The evolution of digital archiving in African universities. Journal of Digital Library Studies, 17(3), 213-227. doi:10.1234/jdls.v17i3.2023

APA 7th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), Page range. https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxx

Example:
Adewale, K. O., & Peters, T. A. (2023). The evolution of digital archiving in African universities. Journal of Digital Library Studies, 17(3), 213-227. https://doi.org/10.1234/jdls.v17i3.2023

Key Change:

  • In the 7th Edition, "doi:" is replaced with "https://doi.org/" for digital object identifiers (DOIs).

2. Books

APA 6th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of the book (Edition if applicable). Location: Publisher.

Example:
Suleiman, F. O. (2019). Principles of knowledge organization in libraries (2nd ed.). Lagos, Nigeria: Knowledge Press.

APA 7th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of the book (Edition if applicable). Publisher.

Example:
Suleiman, F. O. (2019). Principles of knowledge organization in libraries (2nd ed.). Knowledge Press.

Key Changes:

  • The location (e.g., "Lagos, Nigeria") is no longer included in book references.
  • The publisher is mentioned without the location.

3. Websites

APA 6th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the web page. Retrieved from URL

Example:
Ogundele, A. M. (2024, January 15). The future of artificial intelligence in cataloging. Retrieved from https://www.librarytechweekly.com/future-of-ai

APA 7th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of the web page. Website Name. URL

Example:
Ogundele, A. M. (2024, January 15). The future of artificial intelligence in cataloging. Library Technology Weekly. https://www.librarytechweekly.com/future-of-ai

Key Changes:

  • "Retrieved from" is removed unless a retrieval date is necessary.
  • The website name is italicized.

4. Chapters in Edited Books

APA 6th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. pages). Location: Publisher.

Example:
Ekanem, C. P. (2021). Digitization of rare manuscripts in West African libraries. In T. J. Ayodele & R. U. Okonkwo (Eds.), Advances in digital library management (pp. 89-104). Lagos, Nigeria: Academic Innovations.

APA 7th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. pages). Publisher.

Example:
Ekanem, C. P. (2021). Digitization of rare manuscripts in West African libraries. In T. J. Ayodele & R. U. Okonkwo (Eds.), Advances in digital library management (pp. 89-104). Academic Innovations.

Key Change:

  • The location of the publisher is no longer included in the reference.

5. Theses and Dissertations

APA 6th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of thesis or dissertation (Publication No.). [Type of thesis/dissertation, Institution]. Retrieved from Database Name.

Example:
Olawale, R. O. (2022). An analysis of metadata use in Nigerian university libraries (Publication No. 564789). [Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan]. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

APA 7th Edition

Reference format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of thesis or dissertation (Publication No.). [Type of thesis/dissertation, Institution]. Database Name or URL

Example:
Olawale, R. O. (2022). An analysis of metadata use in Nigerian university libraries (Publication No. 564789). [Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Key Changes:

  • "Retrieved from" is replaced by the database name or URL directly.
  • Database names are emphasized

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